Before you begin recommending, let me start off by saying that I am already familiar with the following rock/metal bands that have throat singing and Central Asian/Mongolian folk melodies: Tengger Cavalry, Suld, Nine Treasures, Ego Fall, Hanggai, Yat-Kha

I like all the aforementioned bands a lot, but they are all midtempo in their speeds with very little, if any, blast beats or tremolo picking guitars.

Are there any bands out there that play in a black/death metal style and that have throat singing vocalists (who sing in Mongolian, Tuvan, Chinese or a similar language) and Central Asian/Mongolian folk instruments, melodies, progressions, and lyrics?

Quite off-topic, but this is epicer than the epicest epic metal!

Yes it is! Saidesh Mongush is the name of the throat singer in case you were wondering. Now do you know any bands that has his type of vocals in a black/death metal band?

No, but you might want to try Eagle Twin

Darkestrah seems to fit the bill, so to speak. Most of the vocals are in typical black metal style, but they occasionally employ throat singing.
https://youtu.be/Mh1in3KVw58

Try The Firstborn:

https://www.metal-archives.com/bands/The_Firstborn/6783

They started including several influences from tibetan music in their second album "the unclenching of fists". All of their lyrics are based on buddhism too.